@article {1048,
	title = {From coprophagy to predation: a dung beetle that kills millipedes},
	journal = {Biology Letters},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 421PXTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 17Cited References: BEDOUSSAC L, 2007, CHEMOECOLOGY, V17, P163, DOI 10.1007/s00049-007-0375-y CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P22 CANO EB, 1998, COLEOPTS BULL, V52, P174 DARWIN C, 1859, ORIGIN SPECIES MEANS DEVRIES PJ, 2000, BIOTROPICA, V32, P712 EISNER T, 1998, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V95, P1108 HERTEL F, 1998, COLEOPTS BULL, V52, P105 LARSEN TH, 2005, BIOTROPICA, V37, P322, DOI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2005.00042.x LARSEN TH, 2006, COLEOPTS BULL, V60, P315 LEVIN DA, 2004, NEW PHYTOL, V161, P91, DOI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00921.x LOSOS JB, 2003, NATURE, V424, P542, DOI 10.1038/nature01814 MONTGOMERY SL, 1982, ENTOMOL GEN, V8, P27 NYFFELER M, 2001, ECOL ENTOMOL, V26, P617 PECK SB, 1982, CAN J ZOOL, V60, P1624 SCHMITT T, 2004, J CHEM ECOL, V30, P731 SIMPSON G, 1953, MAJOR FEATURES EVOLU VILLALOBOS FJ, 1998, COLEOPTS BULL, V52, P101Larsen, Trond H. Lopera, Alejandro Forsyth, Adrian Genier, Francois},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {152-155},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {The dung beetle subfamily Scarabaeinae is a cosmopolitan group of insects that feed primarily on dung. We describe the first case of an obligate predatory dung beetle and contrast its behaviour and morphology with those of its coprophagous sympatric congeners. Deltochilum valgum Burmeister killed and consumed millipedes in lowland rainforest in Peru. Ancestral ball-rolling behaviour shared by other canthonine species is abandoned, and the head, hind tibiae and pygidium of D. valgum are modified for novel functions during millipede predation. Millipedes were killed by disarticulation, often through decapitation, using the clypeus as a lever. Beetles killed millipedes much larger than themselves. In pitfall traps, D. valgum was attracted exclusively to millipedes, and preferred injured over uninjured millipedes. Morphological similarities placing D. valgum in the same subgenus with non-predatory dung-feeding species suggest a major and potentially rapid behavioural shift from coprophagy to predation. Ecological transitions enabling the exploitation of dramatically atypical niches, which may be more likely to occur when competition is intense, may help explain the evolution of novel ecological guilds and the diversification of exceptionally species-rich groups such as insects.},
	keywords = {BEHAVIOR, COLEOPTERA, DEAD, Deltochilum valgum, dung beetle, ecological transition, EVOLUTION, guild, millipede predation, Peru, SCARABAEIDAE},
	isbn = {1744-9561},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000264371900003},
	author = {Larsen, T. H. and Lopera, A. and Forsyth, A. and Genier, F.}
}
@article {90,
	title = {Extreme trophic and habitat specialization by Peruvian dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {60},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: 125VMTimes Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 24Cited References: ANDRESEN E, 2002, ECOL ENTOMOL, V27, P257 CANO EB, 1998, COLEOPTS BULL, V52, P174 COOK J, 1998, CAN ENTOMOL, V130, P631 DAVIS AJ, 1997, J TROP ECOL 5, V13, P759 FORGIE SA, 2002, INVERTEBR SYST, V16, P931 FOSTER R, 1994, TAMBOPATA CANDAMO RE GILL BD, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P211 HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1 HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT, V27, P15 HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P283 HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P305 HERRERA ET, 2002, ECOTROPICA, V8, P87 HERTEL F, 1998, COLEOPTS BULL, V52, P105 HOWDEN HF, 1975, BIOTROPICA, V7, P77 LARSEN TH, 2005, BIOTROPICA, V37, P322 MARTINEZ A, 1959, REV MUSEO ARGENTINO, V5, P1 MITTAL IC, 1993, TROPICAL ECOLOGY, V34, P150 MONTEITH GB, 1981, MEMOIRS QUEENSLAND M, V20, P253 NAVAJAS E, 1950, CIENCIA CULTURA, V2, P284 NAVARRETEHEREDIA JL, 1996, COLEOPTS BULL, V50, P216 PECK SB, 1982, CAN J ZOOL, V60, P1624 PEREZINIGO C, 1971, GRAELLSIA, V27, P161 SAKAI S, 1999, AM J BOT, V86, P56 SPECTOR S, 1998, CONSERVATION BIOL SE, V1, P181EnglishArticle0010-065X},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {315-324},
	abstract = {<p>Resource partitioning strategies can help us understand the origin and maintenance of highly diverse communities. We collected 205 dung beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaemae) associated with many different kinds of resources in southeastern Peru. We focus only on extreme cases of resource specialization of species occupying unusually narrow ecological niches, rather than the broad range of specialists which exists. The natural history of most of these species is previously unknown, and several have been considered very rare. Although dung beetles were captured with all types of dung, including avian, reptile and invertebrate dung, species did not specialize exclusively on certain dung types. Ten species appeared to specialize exclusively on a single non-dung food resource, including fruit, fungus, carrion, dead invertebrates, and live millipedes. The diets of 15 species captured only by hand or with passive flight intercept traps are unknown, and these included species in unusual genera such as Anomiopus, Bdelyrus, Canthonella, Dendropaemon, and Sinapisoma. Eleven species appeared to specialize exclusively on a restricted habitat or microhabitat such as riverine beach, Guadua bamboo patches, river alder forest (Tessaria), attine ant nests, or abandoned termite nests. Four species of Canthon were forest canopy specialists. The apparent rarity of some of these species, such as Canthonidia rubroinaculata Blanchard, Deltochilum valgum Burmeister, Ontherus laminifer Balthasar, and Ontherus raptor Genier, may only be due to their unusual habits, while other species, such as Megatharsis buckleyi Waterhouse, appear to be genuinely rare. We also discuss the implications of these findings for sampling methodology and assessment of species abundance distributions.</p>
},
	keywords = {Bates coleoptera, genus, rain-forest, rarity, revision},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000243471300007},
	author = {Larsen, T. H. and Lopera, A. and Forsyth, A.}
}
